BrewWiki - User contributions [en]

Hops

2011-03-21T21:00:45Z

Snax: added more hop varieties

__NOTOC__'''Hops''' provide bitterness to balance the sweetness of [[Malt]] when making beer, adds flavoring oils and aromas, and also helps to stabilize and preserve beer. Hops used in brewing comes from the flowers of a plant called ''Humulus lupulus''. The hop plant is a perrenial spiraling vine that requires most soil. The flowers of the hops, called ''cones'' are dried before use. These flowers are usually green in color with yellow ''lupulin'' glands between the petals that provide many of the oils.

===Types of Hops===
* '''Loose or Leaf Hops''' - Hops in its most natural form. Leaf hops float, provide a nice filter bed when siphoning, and are excellent when fresh. Unfortunately these hops are also most susceptible to exposure to air and oxidization, which means their quality will decline more rapidly unless vacuum sealed in a oxygen barrier bag.
* '''Plug Hops''' - Dried and compressed hop cones. When hydrated these are essentially the same as whole hops, but will store better.
* '''Pellet Hops''' - Perhaps the most widely available to the home brewer, these hops are dried, chopped and compressed into tiny pellets. They store well, and are easy to measure in small quantities. The chopping and compressing can release some of the lupulin glands to burst losing some aromatic oils.

===Measuring Bitterness===
Hop bitterness is measured in [[International Bitterness Units]] or ''IBU's''. One IBU is one part per million of ''isohumulone'' which is a bittering (alpha) acid. IBU's can be estimated when brewing a beer by several different formulas, the most popular of which are the ''Tinseth'', ''Rager'' and ''Garetz'' formulas. IBU's for light beers are generally in the 10-20 range, while dark flavorful beers such as stouts may have an IBU as high as 50. Some barley wines have IBU values of 100 or more to offset the extreme malty sweetness of the beer. See the [[Beer Styles]] BJCP guide for some typical IBU ranges for different styles of beer.

===Bittering Oils===
Bittiness in beer is provided by oils released by the hops. The bittering oils of the hops are isomerized (rearranged) during the boil. Insoluable alpha acids (α-acids) are isomerized by the boil into more soluble and stable alpha acids. As the boil time increases, the bitterness released also increases. These alpha acids provide the majority of the bitterness in finished beer. A second component called beta acid also provides some bitterness. Additional compounds in hops provide both aroma and preservative qualities.

===Hops Storage===
The alpha and beta acids in hops are both vulnerable to oxidation which will decrease their effectiveness. Hops will degrade faster at temperatures above freezing. Hops should be refrigerated in your freezer, and sealed in an airtight container (ideally vacuum packed foil oxygen barrier container) to prevent oxidation.

===Hops Usage===
Hops can be used at many stages in the brewing process:
* '''Boil Hops''' - Hops used during the main boil to add bitterness and flavor to the beer.
* '''Aroma Hops''' - Hops added at the end of the boil to release aroma. Many aromatic oils in hops will boil off after a period of time, so hops added at the end of the boil maintain many aromatic qualities.
* '''Dry Hops''' - Hops added in the secondary fermentation, usually a day or two before bottling, primarily for aroma.
* '''Mash Hops''' - Hops added to the mash tun, effectively get steeped and can add some flavor though they usually contribute little to the bitterness of the beer.
* '''First Wort Hops''' - Hops added to the boiler as the wort is first being sparged. These hops effectively get steeped and then boiled with the main boil. First wort hopping results in a better blending of hops flavor with the wort though it generally reduces hop utilization slightly when compared to traditional boiled hops.

==Hop Varieties==
* [[Ahatnum Hops]]
* [[Amarillo Hops]]
* [[Apollo Hops]]
* [[Brewers Gold Hops]]
* [[Cascade Hops]]
* [[Centennial Hops]]
* [[Chinook Hops]]
* [[Citra Hops]]
* [[Columbus Hops]]
* [[Crystal Hops]]
* [[Eroica Hops]]
* [[Galena Hops]]
* [[Glacier Hops]]
* [[Horizon Hops]]
* [[Liberty Hops]]
* [[Mount Ranier Hops]]
* [[Nugget Hops]]
* [[Saaz Hops]]
* [[Simcoe Hops]]
* [[Sterling Hops]]
* [[Styrian Goldings Hops]]
* [[Summit Hops]]
* [[Vanguard Hops]]
* [[Warrior Hops]]
* [[Zeus Hops]]

==See Also==
* [[Ingredients]]
* [[International Bitterness Units]]
* [[Technical|Technical Reference]]
* [[Beer Styles]]

==External Links==
* [http://www.beersmith.com/hops_table.htm BeerSmith Hops Reference Table]
* [http://www.beersmith.com/blog/2008/04/25/brewing-hops-10-tips-for-surviving-the-hops-shortage/ Brewing Hops: 10 Tips for Surviving the Hops Crisis]
* [http://www.realbeer.com/hops/FAQ.html Norm Pyle's Hops FAQ]
* [http://realbeer.com/hops/ Glenn Tinseth's Hop Page]
[[Category:Ingredients]]
[[Category:Glossary]]
[[fr:houblon]]

Organizations

2011-03-21T20:50:28Z

Snax: /* Texas */

{{Portal|name=Organizations}}
A large number of national, regional and local organizations and clubs exist to support homebrewing. See the links below for some of the larger organizations.

==US National Organizations==
* [http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/index.html American Homebrewers Association]
* [[Beer Judge Certification Program|Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)]] - ([http://www.bjcp.org home page])
* [http://www.beertown.org/craftbrewing/about.html Brewers Association] - For microbreweries & [[Craft Beer]] breweries

==Non-US National Organizations==
* [http://www.homebrewers.ca/ Canadian Amateur Brewers Association]
* [http://www.craftbrewing.org.uk/ UK Craft Brewing Association] - UK Homebrewing
* Cerveceros Caseros - Argentina - http://www.cerveceroscaseros.com.ar - La comunidad cervecera más grande de habla hispana.

==Local Non-US Brew Clubs==
A listing of non-us local brew clubs - Listed alphabetically by country. Editor note: This may need to be a separate article once it gets larger.

===BRASIL===

===Rio de Janeiro===
* ACervA Carioca (Associação dos Cervejeiros Artesanais Cariocas) - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil - http://www.acervacarioca.com.br

===São Paulo===
* ACervA Paulista (Associação dos Cervejeiros Artesanais Paulistas) - São Paulo, Brasil - http://www.acervapaulista.com.br

===CANADA===

===Alberta===
* [http://www.yeastwranglers.ca Cowtown Yeast Wranglers] - Calgary, AB
* [http://www.ehg.ca Edmonton Homebrewers Guild] - Edmonton, AB
* [http://www.netcon.ca/werthogs/ Werthogs of Lethbidge] - Lethbridge, AB

===British Columbia===
* [http://www.meadworks.ca Meadworks] - Vancouver, BC

===Manitoba===
* [http://www.winnipegbrewbombers.ca Winnipeg Brew Bombers] - Winnipeg, MB

===Nova Scotia===
* [http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Recreation/BrewNoser/ Brewnosers] - Halifax, NS

===Ontario===
* [http://barleyment.wort.ca Members of Barleyment] - Ottawa, ON

===Saskatchewan===
* [http://www.alesclub.com Ales & Lager Enthusiasts of Saskatchewan (ALES)] - Regina, SK

===Quebec===
* [http://www.montrealers.ca MontreAlers] - Montreal, QC

===UNITED KINGDOM===
* [http://www.scottishcraftbrewers.org Scottish Craft Brewers] - Scotland, UK

==Local US Brew Clubs==
A listing of local brew clubs - Listed by state and city (or country if not US). Editor note: This may need to be a separate article once it gets larger.

===Alaska===
* [http://www.greatnorthernbrewers.org Great Northern Brewers Club] - Anchorage, AK

===Arizona===
* [http://www.azhomebrewers.org Arizona Society of Homebrewers] - Phoenix Area (East Side), AZ
* [http://www.brewarizona.org Brewmeisters Anonymous] - Phoenix Area (West Side), AZ
* [http://www.rimcountryhomebrewers.com Rim Country Homebrewers] - Central Arizona Mogollon Rim (Payson, Pine, Strawberry), AZ

===California===
* [http://www.bayareamashers.org/ Bay Area Mashers] - Berkeley, CA
* [http://www.maltosefalcons.com The Maltose Falcons Homebrewing Society] - Los Angeles, CA
* [http://www.brewcommune.com BrewCommune] - Orange County, California
* [http://www.quaff.org/ QUAFF (Quality Ale and Fermentation Fraternity)] - San Diego, CA
* [http://www.sonomabeerocrats.org/ Sonoma Beerocrats] - Santa Rosa, CA

===Colorado===
* [http://www.foamontherange.org/ Foam On The Range] - Aurora, CO
* [http://www.milehighmonks.com/ Mile High Monks] - Denver, CO
* [http://www.liquidpoets.com/ Liquid Poets Society] - Ft Collins, CO

===Connecticut===
* [http://www.kotmf.com/ Knights of the Mashing Fork] - Greater Hartford, CT

===District of Columbia===
* [http://burp.burp.org Brewers United for Real Potables (BURP)] - Area around DC, MD, VA

===Florida===
* [http://www.saaz.org/ Space Coast Associates for the Advancement of Zymurgy] - Brevard, FL
* [http://www.dunedinbrewersguild.com/ Dunedin Brewers Guild] - Dunedin, FL
* [http://www.browardhomebrewers.org/ Fort Lauderdale Area Brewers] - Fort Lauderdale, FL
* [http://www.hogtownbrewers.org/ Hogtown Brewers] - Gainesville, FL
* [http://www.thecask.org/ Jacksonville Area Brewers] - Jacksonville, FL
* [http://www.hbd.org/mash/ Miami Area Society of Homebrewers] - Miami, FL
* [http://www.cfhb.org/ Central Florida Home Brewers] - Orlando, FL
* [http://www.tcbrewmasters.org/ Treasure Coast BrewMasters] - Stuart, FL
* [http://www.nfbl.org/ North Florida Brewer's League] - Tallahassee, FL
* [http://www.tampabaybeers.org/ Tampa Bay BEERS] - Tampa, FL
* [http://www.palmbeachdraughtsmen.com/ Palm Beach Draughtsmen] - West Palm Beach, FL

===Georgia===
* [http://www.hbd.org/sbl Savannah Brewers League] - Savannah, GA
* [http://www.facebook.com/zingbrewclub Zymurgical Initiative of North Georgia (ZING)] - Calhoun, GA

===Illinois===
* [http://www.chibeer.org Chicago Beer Society] - Chicago, IL

===Indiana===
* [http://www.fossils.org/ FOSSILS (Fermenters of Special Southern Indiana Libations Society)] - New Albany, IN
* MECA Brewers - Central Indiana (We have members from and meet in various locations in Central Indiana)
* [http://www.tippyhomebrewers.org/ THC - (Tippecanoe Homebrewer's Circle)]- Tippecanoe County, Lafayette & West Lafayette, IN

===Iowa===
* [http://www.iowabrewersunion.org/ IBU (Iowa Brewers Union)] - Des Moines, IA

===Kansas===
* [http://lawrencebrewers.org/ Lawrence Brewers Guild] - Lawrence, KS

===Kentucky===
* [http://www.lagersclub.com/ LAGERS (Louisville Area Grain and Extract Research Society)] - Louisville, KY
* [http://www.hbd.org/bock/ BOCK (Brewers of Central Kentucky)] - Lexington, KY

===Michigan===
* [http://hbd.org/ford/ F.O.R.D. (Fermental Order of Renaissance Draughtsmen)] - Dearborn or thereabouts, MI
* [http://www.CRAFThomebrewclub.org/ CRAFT (Clinton River Association of Fermenting Trendsetters] - Macomb (N. Detroit subs), MI
* [http://www.snobsbrewclub.com/ SNOBs (Society of North Oakland Brewers)] - Serving North Oakland County, MI and beyond

===Montana===
* The Ghetto Spoon Spargers - Bozeman, MT

===New York===
* [http://hbd.org/nychg/ New York City Homebrewers Guild] - New York, NY
* [http://www.hvhomebrewers.com/index.html Hudson Valley Homebrewers] - Poughkeepsie, NY

===North Carolina===
* [http://www.carolinabrewmasters.com/ The Carolina Brewmasters] - Charlotte, NC

===Ohio===
* [http://www.hbd.org/bloat/home.html Bloatarians] - Cincinnati, OH

===Oklahoma===
* [http://www.alemakers.com Fellowship of Oklahoma Alemakers] - Tulsa, OK
* [http://www.draughters.com High Plains Draughters] - Oklahoma City, OK

===Texas===
* [http://www.austinzealots.com/ Austin Zealots] - Austin, TX
* [http://www.texascarboys.org/ Texas Carboys] - Cedar Park, TX
* Bryan & College Station, TX - [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=35902700914 Texas Aggieland Brew Club] (TAbc)
* [http://www.nthba.org/ North Texas Homebrewers Assn] - Dallas, TX
* [http://www.foamrangers.com/ Foam Rangers] - Houston, TX
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SAbeergroup/ San Antonio Area Zymurgists (SAAZ)] - San Antonio, TX

===Vermont===
* [http://www.mashers.org/ Green Mountain Mashers] - at large, VT

===Virginia===
* [http://www.worthogs.com/ Wort Hogs] - Reston, VA
* [http://www.jrhb.org/ James River Homebrew] - Richmond, VA

===Wisconsin===
* [http://www.rackers.org/ Green Bay Rackers] - Green Bay, WI
* [http://www.mhtg.org/ Madison Homebrewers and Tasters Guild] - Madison, WI
* [http://www.beerbarons.org/ Beer Barons of Milwaukee] - Milwaukee, WI

==See Also==
* [[References|Brewing References]]

==External Links==
[http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/listings.asp AHA Homebrew Club Listings]

[[Category:Organizations]]